Question about patient with COPD condition

We recently conducted a simulation using the pulse physiology engine for a patient with COPD.

The initial vital signs and symptoms of the patient were severe dyspnea, cyanosis, expiratory stridor, and restlessness, with SpO2 of 87%, a pulse of 107/min, and NIBP of 135/89 mmHg, sinus ecg, a heart rate of 107 and fast breathing (26-30/min).

The patient was given oxygen via nasal cannula, and the SpO2 improved to 92% and the breath rate reduced to 21/min.

Following this, the patient was given morphine and an anti-obstructive inhalation treatment (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide) to manage the respiratory symptoms. The treatment had a moderate effect on the patient’s symptoms.

The goal was not to achieve significant improvement after administering the medications, but rather to induce respiratory exhaustion and reduced vigilance so that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy could be initiated.

But the NIV therapy was not necessary, because the etCO2-value remained lower than expected. We expect the etCO2 value to deviate from the PaCO2 value by a maximum of 20 mmHg (or be lower than the PaCO2 value). The better the patient’s condition, the closer these two values should be to each other.

So now we don’t know if we made a mistake in the simulation or does the pulse physiology engine not support the simulation of a patient with COPD regarding the need of a NIV-therapy like we expected?

In our project, I am on the technical side and want to implement the pulse physiology engine into our unreal engine project and I am not the medical specialist, therefore I am sorry if I am unclear with any of the medical discription. If you need any more information from me or my team, please let me know (I will pass on any medical questions)

Thanks for any help in advance!

Cheers,
Arne

What was the severity of the COPD? Did you use an exacerbation?

Could you send the log file for Pulse to us? That will allow us to duplicate your simulation and see if we can get the vitals you are looking for.

Thanks,
Rachel

Hey, thank you for the fast response Rachel,

I forwarded the request for the log and will post it here asap, but it could take one or two days. But your response already gives me hope that the Pulse Engine has a solution ready :slight_smile:

Thanks and Cheers,
Arne

Hey Rachel,

I apologize for the delay in my reply. I was unwell, but I am back to my normal routine now.
Regarding your request for log files, I have attached two logs where the interventions were reduced to the most significant. I hope they will be helpful in replicating the simulation and obtaining the desired vitals.

Thank you for your efforts in trying to help me. I appreciate it.

Cheers
Arne

{
 "Name": "COPD_TestA",
 "PatientConfiguration": {
  "DataRoot": "./",
  "Patient": {
   "Name": "TestCOPD",
   "Age": {
    "ScalarTime": {
     "Value": 65,
     "Unit": "yr"
    }
   }
  },
  "Conditions": {
   "AnyCondition": [
    {
     "PatientCondition": {
      "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease": {
       "PatientCondition": {
        "Condition": {}
       },
       "BronchitisSeverity": {
        "Scalar0To1": {
         "Value": 0.7
        }
       },
       "EmphysemaSeverity": {
        "Scalar0To1": {
         "Value": 0.5
        }
       }
      }
     }
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "DataRequestManager": {},
 "AnyAction": [
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 6,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 11,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.4
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
      "ScalarTime": {
       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 2,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.21
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
      "ScalarTime": {
       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 10,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.6
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {}
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 2,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.6
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {}
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 9,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.6
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.5
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 25,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.4
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 4,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
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       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
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      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
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      },
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     },
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       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
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     },
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       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
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       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
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      "Unit": "s"
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   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
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      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
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        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.9
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
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       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 126,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.6
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
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       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
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    }
   }
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  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
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    "Time": {
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      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.7
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.5
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 61,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.21
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
      "ScalarTime": {
       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
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      "Value": 69,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.7
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.6
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 42,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "RespiratoryFatigue": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Severity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.1
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
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      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "RespiratoryFatigue": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Severity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.3
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
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      "Value": 23,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.5
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.3
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 66,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "NonRebreatherMask",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 12,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 49,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "NonRebreatherMask",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 15,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
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    "Time": {
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      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "SimpleMask",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 15,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 31,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "SimpleMask",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 34,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "EquipmentAction": {
    "MechanicalVentilatorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure": {
     "MechanicalVentilatorMode": {
      "MechanicalVentilatorAction": {
       "EquipmentAction": {
        "Action": {}
       }
      },
      "Connection": "On"
     },
     "DeltaPressureSupport": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 8,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "FractionInspiredOxygen": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.4
      }
     },
     "PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
      "ScalarPressure": {
       "Value": 5,
       "Unit": "cmH2O"
      }
     },
     "Slope": {
      "ScalarTime": {
       "Value": 1,
       "Unit": "s"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }
 ]
}

{
 "Name": "TestCOPDB",
 "PatientConfiguration": {
  "DataRoot": "./",
  "Patient": {
   "Name": "StandardMale",
   "Age": {
    "ScalarTime": {
     "Value": 44,
     "Unit": "yr"
    }
   },
   "Weight": {
    "ScalarMass": {
     "Value": 170,
     "Unit": "lb"
    }
   },
   "Height": {
    "ScalarLength": {
     "Value": 71,
     "Unit": "in"
    }
   },
   "BodyFatFraction": {
    "Scalar0To1": {
     "Value": 0.21
    }
   },
   "DiastolicArterialPressureBaseline": {
    "ScalarPressure": {
     "Value": 73.5,
     "Unit": "mmHg"
    }
   },
   "HeartRateBaseline": {
    "ScalarFrequency": {
     "Value": 72,
     "Unit": "1/min"
    }
   },
   "RespirationRateBaseline": {
    "ScalarFrequency": {
     "Value": 12,
     "Unit": "1/min"
    }
   },
   "SystolicArterialPressureBaseline": {
    "ScalarPressure": {
     "Value": 114,
     "Unit": "mmHg"
    }
   }
  },
  "Conditions": {
   "AnyCondition": [
    {
     "PatientCondition": {
      "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease": {
       "PatientCondition": {
        "Condition": {}
       },
       "BronchitisSeverity": {
        "Scalar0To1": {
         "Value": 0.5
        }
       },
       "EmphysemaSeverity": {
        "Scalar0To1": {
         "Value": 0.5
        }
       }
      }
     }
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "DataRequestManager": {},
 "AnyAction": [
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 187,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "BronchitisSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.7
      }
     },
     "EmphysemaSeverity": {
      "Scalar0To1": {
       "Value": 0.7
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
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    "Time": {
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      "Unit": "s"
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   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
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     "Device": "SimpleMask",
     "Flow": {
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       "Value": 6,
       "Unit": "L/min"
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     "Volume": {
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      "Unit": "s"
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  {
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       "Unit": "L/min"
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      "Unit": "s"
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  {
   "PatientAction": {
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     "Device": "SimpleMask",
     "Flow": {
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       "Value": 4,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
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       "Unit": "L"
      }
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    }
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  },
  {
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    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 280,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "SimpleMask",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 2,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Value": 2000,
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 100,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 2,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Value": 2000,
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "AdvanceTime": {
    "Action": {},
    "Time": {
     "ScalarTime": {
      "Value": 224,
      "Unit": "s"
     }
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "PatientAction": {
    "SupplementalOxygen": {
     "PatientAction": {
      "Action": {}
     },
     "Device": "NasalCannula",
     "Flow": {
      "ScalarVolumePerTime": {
       "Value": 2,
       "Unit": "L/min"
      }
     },
     "Volume": {
      "ScalarVolume": {
       "Value": 2000,
       "Unit": "L"
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }
 ]
}

Thanks for the scenaio’s @Arne

Can you provide me with how you are running Pulse?
Are you using our Unity Asset, or are you pulling from our git repository?
If you are pulling from git, can you provide the git hash?
I want to make sure we are running the same build as we look into this

Thanks!

Hey abray,

the above described scenario was generated with the pulse explorer 3.0.0 - 6f9d69f Pulse: 4.1.0 - 04f2597c.

Thanks for your effort!

Thanks, that helps!

Please let us know if you have feed back on using the Explorer
Any improvements, troubles, wants, to help improve the usability

Hey @Arne,

Sorry for the delayed response to your questions…

I don’t see the drug administration from your first post in your logs.

You mentioned “inducing respiratory exhaustion.” There is a Respiratory Fatigue action that uses a severity to effect dyspnea as if the muscles are weakened and the patient’s breathing becomes labored. You may be able to leverage that to affect things more, but you may bet better results just using COPD Exacerbation to increase severity.

I took a look at the PaCO2 vs etCO2 for the standard patient with COPD, and it looks like it’s functioning as I would expect. More severe COPD causes more deviation. The plot below is from our COPD Exacerbation scenario that looks at the differences in mild, moderate, and severe COPD. Note that I ran this with our latest 4.x branch, which may be a little different than the older 4.1 build you are using. We plan to release 4.2 very soon.

Let me know if there is something specific you would like me to investigate.

Regards,

Jeff